Protein – Definition, Structure, & Classification

Proteins are one of the most essential components of our body. It supports our muscles, bones and immune system. Understanding what exactly protein does to our body is crucial to know how much protein we need daily to sustain.

In this blog we will delve into the protein structures, its benefits and the different classifications of protein.

What is Protein?

Protein Definition:

Proteins are primary structural and functional components of our body. It is found in the human body in the form of muscles, bones, skin and cartilage. Protein consists of 20 amino acids out of which 9 are considered essential. The 9 essential amino acids are obtained through a protein rich diet while the rest are synthesised by the body.

Importance of Protein:

Protein is crucial for our body. It performs a wide range of functions and provides energy as well. Few of its functions include building and repairing tissues, making enzymes, and hormones as well as supporting the immune response. Without sufficient protein, our bodies will not be able to function properly.

Structure of Protein

Primary Structure:

The first structure of proteins is primary structure made with amino acids. Following this these chains of amino acids form more complex forms of protein by taking different shapes. All these forms have a certain role to play in supporting the body. The four types of protein structures are- Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures.

Classification of Protein

We can classify proteins based on their composition, function and nutritional values.

Based on Composition:

• Simple Proteins:

Simple proteins are made up of only amino acids that can be found in egg whites and blood plasma.

• Conjugated Proteins:

Proteins that are combined with non-protein groups are called conjugated proteins.

Based on Function:

• Enzymatic Proteins:

Some proteins have a function to act as enzymes that speed up the various processes in the body allowing for efficient metabolism.

• Structural Proteins:

Proteins like collagen and keratin perform structural functions including supporting and shaping cells and tissues. They help in maintaining skin, hair and nails.

• Transport Proteins:

Proteins also perform the function of carriers. Transport protein like haemoglobin and myoglobin carry oxygen from lungs to the rest of the body.

Based on Nutritional Value:

• Complete Proteins:

Complete proteins refer to proteins made with essential amino acids that the body cannot produce on its own. Foods like eggs, meat, milk, lentils and cereals help in providing the essential amino acids. Complan is formulated to provide all these essential amino acids, ensuring your child receives complete nutrition.

• Incomplete Proteins:

Some proteins do not contain all essential amino acids like plant based proteins. These are referred to as incomplete proteins. By combining different incomplete proteins, you can ensure a complete protein intake.

Functions of Protein

• Building Role: Proteins help in maintaining the structure of cells and tissues strengthening the muscles, skin and organs.
• Enzymes: Proteins help in speeding different process of the body.
• Transport and Storage: Proteins act as carriers and transport substances such as oxygen through the body. They also store nutrients.
• Immune Response: Protein helps form antibodies that protect the body from pathogens like bacteria and infections.

Examples of Common Proteins

• Enzymes: Enzymes help with digestion and other vital processes.
• Hormones: Protein hormones like insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels.
• Structural Proteins: Proteins such as collagen and keratin help in maintaining skin, hair, and connective tissues.
• Transport Proteins: Haemoglobin delivers oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.

Conclusion

Understanding the specifics of protein like its definition, classifications and structure is essential for recognizing its importance in our diet and health. Proteins have a crucial role in various functions of the body including growth, development. We need to ensure kids receive adequate protein quantity and quality. Complan has 100% milk protein and can be a good option to support protein and other nutrient intake.